Treatment of workers with disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Treatment of workers with disability - Essay Example There are annual awards to be won, stocks to be bought and customers to be wooed into buying the goods and services offered by a company. In order to this, all efforts have been made that surpass all logic. Some measures have to be introduced in order to ensure that businesses remain within the legal brackets. Otherwise the employers would work their staff to death in this competitive world of business. The business ethics sought of bring a semblance of sanity in a world that firms would do just about anything to remain at the top of their game. Working hours has been a major issue in the business world. Luckily, this has been quelled by the onset of overtime payments. A worker should be paid for the extra time they work outside their normal working schedule. Ethics are very important for a business. It involves the making of decisions that are in accordance to the firm’s culture. This largely involves the abandoning of methods that would lead to big profits within a short spa n of time, because such ambitions are usually the reason that businesses veer off the path of ethics. The ethical issues in a business are of major importance since they may attract to or send away customers from the company’s products. This will either boost sales or cause the sales to plummet. They may also encourage the employees to stay or equally send them away, hence affecting the firm’s productivity. Employee loyalty is very important to a firm. Apart from these, they may attract the employees to the firm. This will consequently reduce the recruitment costs and enable the firm to acquire the most talented of staff. Abiding with the ethics may also result to the attraction of investors which will increase the share prices and thwart any chances of the firm’s takeover. The most prevalent ethical issue in the business world in this paper will concern the treatment of workers with disability. There are laid out laws that prohibit the mistreatment of persons w ith disability. Campaigns have been carried out in order to change the people’s attitudes towards the disabled persons who have been viewed as outcasts. Disability is not by any means inability. Hence, the disabled people and especially workers should be accorded the same treatment as their normal counterparts. They are entitled to earning a living as the rest and should never be discriminated upon. At least that is what the business ethics state. Abercrombie and Fitch is a clothing retailing firm. In 2009, the firm was sued for allegedly hiding a student in the store stockroom who had been working in the store in the store stockroom because her prosthetic arm did not augur with the ‘look policy’ of the firm. The employee had been working as a sales assistant in the firm’s London outlet. The student, Riam Dean, twenty two years old and had been studying law at Greenford in west London. She related that the company transferred her form the shop’s flo or that was situated at the company’s Savile Row branch when her disability came to the attention of the management. Dean was born without her left forearm and had worn the prosthetic arm ever since she was three months old. She pressed charges against the company for disability discrimination which had left her feeling belittled and humiliated. This came after she had declined to take off her cardigan while at work in the store. She felt bullied out of the job and admits that this incident was one of the worst times in her entire life. She asked ? 25,000 in compensation for what she had undergone during her time in the stores. When she applied for the job, she had informed the management about her problem.

Hamlet - Ghosts Speech - Act 1 Essay Example for Free

Hamlet Ghosts Speech Act 1 Essay In the beginning of the play, the reader is introduced to the disorder in Denmark, a prevalent motif. The mysterious death of the king spurred the disorder, and the prospect of revenge was magnified by the supposed appearance of the late King Hamlet’s ghost. The ghost’s appearance and subsequent speech intensify the disorder by validating the reader’s suspicion of Claudius as a murderer and an incestuous, adulterous serpent. Hamlet is torn by this revelation, and responds with justified drama. Thus far Hamlet had a few reasons to hate Claudius; the ghost’s message emboldened everything he had suspected and even added to it. Previously in Act One, Hamlet had criticized Claudius for a few major grievances: for being opportunist upon the death of his father by marrying his newly widowed mother in order to seize the throne instead of Hamlet, for not properly mourning the king by waiting just a month to take his wife, and for acting like an animal by behaving in an incestuous and lustful manner. By playing on many of the same metaphors as Hamlet and bringing forth new claims too, the ghost- whose word the reader takes as truth- bolsters Hamlet’s claims. In the ghost’s rhetoric, Claudius is an unnatural, murderous â€Å"serpent†.(sc. 5 ln. 43) As a â€Å"fat weed,† his parasitic nature is apparent and matches Hamlet’s assessment of the situation as an â€Å"unweeded garden.† (sc. 5 ln. 39) (sc. 2 ln. 139) Later, the ghost goes on to describe â€Å"lewdness† courting â€Å"virtue† in Claudius’ despicable new relationship.(sc. 5 ln. 60-1) To Hamlet and the ghost, the new union is an embodiment of evil though it holds an honorable, royal position. The royal bed is now a couch for luxury and incest. (sc 5. ln.89-90) The queen has been corrupted by â€Å"wicked wit and gifts† and succumbed by what almost sounds like magic. (sc. 5 ln. 51) This too plays on the motif of unnatural existence in â€Å"Hamlet† as exemplified by the ghost. The ghost refers to public opinion as â€Å"the ear of Denmark.† (sc.5 ln.43) By misleading this one representative ear, the entire country has been misled.  The ghost then furthers the ear imagery by describing how he was personally poisoned through his ear. This deception perpetrated by the current king adds to the sense of unrest. The late Hamlet was â€Å"sleeping within (his) orchard,† an emphatically innocent action, as the juice was poured into his ear and coursed through his body like quicksilver. (sc. 5 ln. 66) The poison â€Å"tetter(ed)†¦about†¦with vile and loathsome crust.† (sc. 5 ln.78-79) This vivid and gory description adds to the sense of decay and discord. As Marcellus put it, â€Å"something is rotten in the state of Denmark.† (sc.4 ln. 100) Then the ghost talks about how that napping time was his â€Å"secure hour.† (sc.5 ln. 68) This describes the feeling of routine that once existed in the kingdom. Now time is cursed and nothing is happens in a proper time because of Claudius’ unnatural murder. The senses of touch and sight are very important in this speech. The ghost carefully describes how things looked and felt to actualize his feelings to Hamlet and the reader. When describing the queen, he uses a prickly set of descriptive words. She isn’t just part of a cursed union, she has â€Å"thorns that in her bosom lodge to prick and sting her,† by some heavenly will. (sc, 5 ln. 94-5) Additionally, the description of the poisoning is graphic to make it personal and real for Hamlet.

The Importance of Volunteerism Essay -- Contribution to My Community Se

In social science, economists argue that people act in their personal best interest; in contrast, volunteers willingly share their talents and provide services to others with no obligation or any incentive for personal gain. Volunteers have made significant contributions to charitable, educational, and worthwhile causes within a small community to foreign countries with no boundaries. Undeniably, the exchange of thoughts and experiences are extended through the volunteer process. With flexibility in time and summer vacations, university students are a large majority in the volunteer force around the world The involvement in volunteerism and extracurricular activities are not only beneficial to both the individual student and to the society, but are crucial factors to the university experience with evidence from my three years stay at Queen’s University. University students are under the advantage to network and alleviate academic stress from their participation in volunteerism and extracurricular activities. As a student ambassador of Queen’s Student Alumni Association (QSAA), I was given the chance to become more connected to the student body, the alumni around the world, and the history of Queen’s University. Singing the Oil Thigh at football games and making cheers of Chai Ghai during homecoming celebrations with QSAA had made me even prouder of being associated to Queen’s University. My exploration of Queen’s traditions was further enhanced from my support to QSAA hosting social events of Crunch Brunch and Grad BBQ to each year’s upcoming graduating class. In addition, my friend groups had expanded broader with my engagement to the Queen’s Dance Club (QDC). Every Sunday dance class had became a highlight in my university li... ...tion, but most importantly my volunteer experience along with the numerous other students have made university lives strongly connected to current events and the rest of the world. Therefore, not only are the student activities valuable to students themselves, but also to the overall society. Compassion and passion developed from higher intellectual thinking and awareness of the surroundings provide the gigantic motives in university student volunteerism and activities. From the involvement in these actions, a more colourful university life is portrayed with significant contribution to personal growth and social impact. As a consequence, I will definitely continue my participation in student volunteerism and extracurricular activities as it provides the fundaments to my university experience as the voyage is as worthwhile and rewarding as receiving a diploma.

Filipino Social Acceptance Essay

Felipe Landa Jocano is a Professor Emeritus at the Asian Center of the University of the Philippines and Executive Director of PUNLAD Research House, Inc. He has authored numerous books on various aspects of Filipino Society and Culture. Frank Lynch is an anthropologist who came to the Philippines and study Filipino values and the acceptance of this in the society , founder of Frank Lynch university. Robert Hennig- B. S. Psychology, 1974, University of Wisconsin-Madison initiated the so called Social Psychophysiology Virgilio G. Enriquez- is known as the Father of Filipino Psychology â€Å"Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino†, Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (National Organization of Filipino Psychology) a field he established in 1975. Enriquez’ initial proposal that a Filipino concept of personhood centered on the core value expressed in the word Kapwa, a Tagalog word that covers the concepts of both â€Å"self† and â€Å"others,† has been expanded by those who studied under him, resulting in an entire system that seeks to describe the Filipino’s sense of being a person, and an entire field of study that differentiates the Filipino’s sense of being from those of other cultures, especially the western cultures. Dr. Mary Racelis (formerly Hollnsteiner) is former IPC Director, as well as Senior Professorial Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Ateneo de Manila University. She has published extensively in the areas of poverty and well-being, urbanization, community organizing and people’s empowerment, civil society, gender, children and youth, education, and socio-cultural change. Her close interaction with community based NGOs and People’s Organizations over many years and her service on several local and international NGO boards has given her the informal title of â€Å"activist social scientist. † In 1975, De La Salle University awarded her a Doctorate in the Social Sciences, honoris causa, while the Ateneo de Manila University conferred on her the doctorate in humanities, honoris causa, in 2003. In 2004, the Consuelo Foundation gave her the Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award. Aime C. Bulatao, S. J. , PhD is a professor, and clinical psychologist of Psychology Ateneo de Manila University. He obtained Bachelor of Arts in the Sacret Heart College Novaliches in 1946 and studied STL in Woodstock College, Maryland in 1953. He got his Masters degree in Experimental Psychology in Fordham University, New York in 1956 and Ph. D. in 1961 in the same university. Jaime C. Bulatao -also conducted several researches and has written scholarly papers, theses and dissertations on areas such as psychology, education, culture and personality, group dynamics, guidance and counseling,and religion. His current research interests and projects include: consciousness mapping, analysis, diagnosis and therapy through the use of computers, hypnosis and hypnotherapy and altered states of consciousness. Alfredo Villa-gracia Lagmay (b. August 14, 1919- d. December 15, 2005) is a Filipino pioneer psychologist, academician,clinician,philosopher and national scientist. He was conferred as National Scientist in 1988 for his studies relation to experimental analysis of behavior. He is also the first filipino to be the first elected chair of the University of the Philippines Department of Psychology in 1970. Ledivina V. Carino – was born on 22 April 1942 in Marahan, Alfonso, Cavite, Philippines. She received her Bachelor of Science Degree in Public Administration in 1961, Cum Laude, from the University of the Philippines. She later obtained her Masters in Political Science in 1964 from the University of Hawaii. She completed her Ph. D. in Sociology in 1970 at the Indiana University Tomas D. Andres, a sociologist and author of the book dictionary of filipino values. SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE- being taken by one’s fellowmen for what one is believes he is and treated in accordance with his status and not rejected or improperly criticized, and need social approval and acceptance by the member of the group. FRANK LYNCH compare the social acceptance of two countries ( Philippines and United States) but JOCANO came up with correctness to the comparison made by LYNCH stating that: UNITED STATES – social acceptance is also highly valued, through INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK in which to be socially accepted one’s member to church, lounge club, community fund drive and fraternities. PHILIPINES – social acceptance is highly valued, through INTERPERSONAL FRAMEWORK in which occurs to the closely knit nuclear family and its range of kinship, with this one’s are being impressed during childhood with who his relative was and the corresponding right and obligation towards them. And with the social acceptance comes to intermediate values according to LYNCH, (1) Smooth Interpersonal Relation (2) Pakikisama: Smooth Interpersonal Relation- is getting along with others so as to avoid outward signs and conflicts, with this one uses friendly smile gentle manner, agreeable and gracious attitude to be socially accepted. Pakikisama – folk concept of human relation and implies giving in or yielding to the wish of majority even if it contradict one’s own idea, actions such as napipilitan, joining others to compensate ones friend. But VIRGILIO ENRIQUEZ objected with the emphasis of LYNCH to the akikisama as one of the intermediate values, according to him PAKIKISAMA is not the National Value it is just one of the many level of interaction other levels are : Pakikitungo Pakikisalamuha Pakikilahok Pakikiisa. Pakikipagkalagayan ng Loob Now to relate it with our Course, this social acceptance is very much important, citing that to be socially accepted you must comprehend with the existing group in which we exercise this two intermediate Values, like for example the Pakikisama : â€Å"as we work with institutions we shall encounter the so called LAKAD SYSTEM in which some people we know will approach us for assistance regarding Government Transaction etc. and because of Pakikisama we will tolerate them. † In relation with social acceptance various values are in lined and has been quoted such as; Reciprocity or Utang na Loob, Bahala na, Closeness and Security in the Family, Respect for Elders, Personalism, Hospitality, Patient Suffering and Paninindigan. Now let’s first discuss Reciprocity or â€Å"Utang na Loob†. RECIPROCITY OR â€Å"UTANG-NA-LOOB† Gratitude is highly valued in the Philippine society. A Filipino should at all times be aware of his obligation to those from whom he receives favors and should repay them in an acceptable manner. â€Å"Utang na loob† invariably stems from a service rendered which is impossible of quantification even though a material gift may be involved. Here, one of the parties does not expect to be paid back. The degree of debt of gratitude depends to a large extent on the favor received. For instance, if a nearly dying patient was cured by a doctor and survives the family of that patient will forever be indebted to the doctor. ] â€Å"Utang na loob† in this instance is unquantifiable as there is nothing more important to a person than his life and that of his family. A child is indebted to his parents for his life and is considered ungrateful, â€Å"walang utang na loob† (ungrateful) if he fails to care for them in their old age. We have a Filipino saying â€Å"Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan, hindi makararating as paroroonan (He who does not look back to the place he has been to will not get to where he is going)†. However, debts of gratitude, big or small, cannot really be paid at all, as shown in another Tagalog saying: â€Å"Ang utang na loob, napakaliit man, utang at utang din kahit mabayaran. Sa pakitang loob at tapat na damay ay walang sukat maitimbang (A favor, no matter how small, is a debt we must never forget since no money can ever fully repay it)†. With this Utang na loob comes connected the values such as Hiya, Amor Propio and Pakikisama, Hiya;has being associated with Utang na Loob due to the fact that when someone has a Utang na Loob he/she felt hiya to the one he/she owed (Pinagkakautangang Loob) on how to repay him/her. Amor Propio or self esteem; also has been associated for the reason that when someone has an Utang na loob with you, confidence to asked favor, act or speak against or not against you may come,damaging or boosting you honor or self esteem. Pakikisama was also associated with it because when you have a Utang na Loob to someone you’ll get along with that person accompany them though against your will, thinking that this Pakikisama is the only way you could repay him/her. BAHALA NA Bahala na is a common expression among Filipinos which rests on the fatalistic outlook and strong dependence on spirits. It literally, the Bahala na means â€Å"Leave it to God. † The abundance of superstition can further encourage the superstitiousness of the Filipinos. Now this Bahala Na values does have two effects: The Positive aspects towards this value are Filipino become daring, development of courage, fortitudes and willingness to face danger which further develop their responsibility, concern, management and trust and attitude to refuse defeat. But though this Values ha a Positive effect it has also its reciprocal; The Negative effect, such as it brings to the Backwardness of the Filipinos, laziness and lack of initiative is just examples of this behavior. For Filipino psychologists, like Thomas D. Andres, however, bahala na is not â€Å"fatalism† but determination and risk-taking. Filipinos do not leave their fate to God when they say bahala na; rather they are telling themselves that they are ready to face the difficult situation before them and will do their best to achieve their objectives. It is a way of pumping courage into their system before a difficult task. CLOSENESS AND SECURITY IN THE FAMILY: This is the most vaunted traits or values in the Filipino society; other term for this is close-family ties and family solidarity this is According to Bulatao. She considered the family as the defense in the hostile world and a unit where one family member can turn to in case of hardship. Closeness and Security in the Family merely develop the participation of ones family member in economic, social, spiritual and emotional aspect through the pattern of interdependence. RESPECT TO ELDERS This is a value inculcated early in the socialization process during childhood we have been all taught to respect elders by addressing those words like Kuya, Ate, Manong, Manang and the like. Politeness has been associated with this value; Filipinos are taught to become respectful individuals. This is mainly due to the influence of Christianity that tells us to honor both our parents and our elders. The use of ‘’po’’ and ‘’’opo’’’ when in conversation with an elder or someone who is older is a manifestation of how Filipinos respect their elders. Same with politeness, authority value was also associated; People show respect to the authority figure, by heeding and obeying them.

The fall of the City: unnatural growth Essay

Every child has their own maturity and prefrence level. Should one’s behaviour be forced to change because of the stereotypes in society? In Alden Nowlan’s The Fall of the City, he writes in first person about a young honorable boy ,named Teddy, disagreeing with his uncle to be a well taught normal boy. It is important for a child to grow up and become an adult ,but they need to be the one building themselves up. Instead of being forced like Teddy. Alden Nowlan develops Teddy by comparing him with his uncle with a strong tone stereotipical man of the house. He also created hidden messages by having the war between Danova and Upalia relate to the conflict between Teddy and his uncle. Throughout the story, Teddy’s imagination falls apart slowly as he roughly transitions from an imaginative boy into his father’s fantasy, to protect himself emotionally. After his uncle told him to start his homework, â€Å"his uncle stood in the doorway between kitchen and living room, his shoulders shaking with laughter. ‘you’d never guess what that kid has been doing up there!’ †¦ that great lummox has been playing with paper dolls!† while Teddy knows that he will need to grow up sometime. his guardians that are living with him are trying to help, Teddy does not think that they he is playing with paper dolls. The Uncle creates his own opinion and forces Teddy to change by making fun of him. Teddy should be influenced to change instead of forced. Nowlan uses an interesting tone to create complicated and a somewhat confused emotional quality to the story. During the argument with Teddy and his uncle, The tone starts to be more vulnerable when â€Å"Teddy’s fists were clenched †¦ his voice shaking †¦ his uncle pointed a warning finger† which converts the atmosphere to be more serious.

Melungeons essays

Melungeons essays Many people go through their whole life not knowing their heritage. I recently had an opportunity to do a little research on my ancestors and I found my pedigree is very diverse; their history ranges the Isle of Man, to the mountaintops of the Appalachian Mountains. This is the part of my research that became very difficult. It seems that an abundance of people from the Appalachian region have been overlooked or shunned by the American government and history alike, they are the Melungeons. I became very interested in finding out some answers about the Melungeons when I was informed one of my relatives was a very famous Melungeon named Mahala Collins which we will talk about later in this paper. There is really no definite answer on where these people came from, or why they were here. I have discovered a few theories, from them being Portuguese sailors, to criminals that England banished from their country. Wherever they came from it wasnt long before they were being discriminated against here by the American government and by the American people in general. They were forced into refuge, high in the mountainous region of the Appalachians. I wanted to know who were these people they called Melungeons and why were they shunned by the early settlers of this nation. There are many stories or possibilities of where the Melungeon people originated. We will explore the most prevalent. The first is that are the people from the Lost Colony of Roanoke, in 1585 England sent a ship with 108 people aboard, and they landed in Roanoke, Virginia. They were there less than 1 year and they just disappeared. It is a belief that these colonists moved away from Roanoke and bladed in with the nearby Indian tribes. Another possibility is that England and Spain were weeding out criminals and poor people from their society and then shipping them to America, where the American Indian must have accepted them into their tribes. It seems that t...

buy custom Mark Twains Humorous Works essay

buy custom Mark Twain's Humorous Works essay Mark Twain is an author who has many humorous works. Good examples of such stories are The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn and The Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain introduces a young boy called Huck who is looking for adventure and freedom. The setting of the novel is on the shore of river Mississippi. Pap, Huck drunken father, kidnapped him because he wanted 6000 dollars Huck had been awarded after finding the gold treasure with Tom Sawyer. As a result, Huck escapes using a canoe to the other side of river Mississippi where he meets Jim, a slave of Miss Watson. Jim too is searching for freedom and Huck, and he spend days and nights together to look for freedom. Jim and Huck travels down the river using a raft and they have adventure during their journey. They end up becoming best friends. Later, as they travel, they come across a house that had a dead man. They steal all what is in that house and go to a wrecked ship so as to travel. Unfortunately, they find murderers in the wrecked ship, and they take away the goods and money they had. Later, Jim and Huck separate after their raft crashes but reunite where they start to perform plays, but they find out that the person who had employed them had stolen other persons identity. Huck escapes but left to find his friend Jim who was sold by king, their employer. Jim is found in Tom Sawyers aunt, and tom and he rescue him. In the book, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, Mark Twain brings out a story within a story. The author begins the story by recalling the mission he had regarded Angels Camp mining town. The narrators friend from the east had requested him to call Simon wheeler who stayed at Angels Camp to ask him about reverend Leonidas Smiley. He finds Mr. Wheeler in a local pub, and when he mentions the name of the reverend, he is taken to a corner. Mr. Wheeler claims not to know Leonidas Smiley and starts to narrate a tale of another character called Jim Smiley. He narrates that Jim was a gambler in that Angels Camp that could bet on whatevr thing, even when he had to alter sides to get the bet. However, whichever side he could take, Jim always ended up being the winner. Jim could also use his animals to bet, for instance he first uses a horse that he had named nag since she appeared to be in poor health. The horse won in the race, and Jim decides to use a dog. After going to a full action fight, it gave up the fight and; unfortunately, died. Smiley later uses a frog that he had trained to do somersaults, jump and catch flies. The ability of the frog to jump became famous in the area, and a stranger, one day asked for a frog contest, but Jim lost after the stranger tricked him. Simon wheeler later goes to the yard after he is called and the narrator gets an opportunity to escape from boredom and comes out of the corner. Later Simon re-enters the pub to narrate smileys one-eyed cow, but the narrator stops him and leaves the pub. In this two story, there are both similarities and differences in how the author, mark twain uses humor. Humor is whereby the author uses words or actions of the characters to prove amusements or laugher to the reader. In the similarities, mark uses the characters to bring out his humorous tone in the story. For instance, in the story The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses Huckleberry Finn to bring out the humor. This humor is brought out with the action and words of this character. Twain puts his humorous word in the mouth of Huck. Twain also uses huckleberry tale as a tool satirize and evaluate his society. Twain also satirizes the religion to bring out humor when he talks about the widows plan to educate Huck using the stories in the bible. When the widow tells Huck that Moses had died, the author gives his reaction by saying: But by and by she let it out that Moses had been dead a considerable long time; so then I did not care no more about him; because I do not take stock in dead people (Twain 71). In the story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County, also uses characters too bring out humor. The characters have humorous traits, for instance, Jim Smiley is portrayed to have a greedy character whereby he bet on anything in order to attain it. With this greedy character, the author used Jim to describe how he did humorous act such as frog jumping contest and one-eyed cow to bet. For instance, when Smileys dog was defeated in the fight context the writer says: He give Smiley a look, as much as to say his heart was broke, and it was his fault, for putting up a dog that had not no hind legs for him to take bolt of, which was his main dependence in a fight, and then he limped off a piece, and laid down, and died" (Twain 20). In the difference, The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn uses satire to bring out humor. The author uses religious satire once he portrays the Shepherd sons and the Granger fords. They are two neighboring families fighting and killing one another, yet they share steam boat landing. When asked what the reason was, the son of grander fields humorously answers: It started years ago, along there. There was trouble bout something and then a lawsuit to settle it; and the lawsuit when one of the men, and so he got up and shot the man won the suit-which he would naturally do, of course (Twain 171). On the other hand, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County uses irony to bring out humor. The narrator is connecting this story with reality whereby he uses chooses word that show how simple and disinteresting westerners. For instance, the narrator portrays connection humorously when he says: Simon Wheeler backed me into a corner and blockaded me there with his chair, and then sat down and reeled off the monotonous narrative which follows this paragraph (Twain 97). In conclusion, it is evident that mark twain stories is humorous, and this makes the stories appealing to his readers. The humor also helps in expressing things that happen today; hence, these stories help improve peoples life. Buy custom Mark Twain's Humorous Works essay

The History and Invention of Peanut Butter

The History and Invention of Peanut Butter It’s one of the country’s favorite things to spread over bread. We dip celery sticks in it. It’s often baked into cookies and countless deserts. I’m talking about peanut butter and as a whole Americans consume tons of the pulverized pea about a billion pounds worth each year. That’s roughly $800 spent annually and  a booming increase from the roughly two million  pounds produced at the turn of the 20th century. Peanuts were first cultivated as food in South America and natives in the region began turning them into grounded up paste roughly 3,000 years ago. The kind of peanut butter that the Incas and Aztecs made was of course much different from the manufactured stuff sold in grocery stores today. The more modern story of peanut butter actually began towards the end of the 19th century, not too long after farmers began mass commercializing the crop that was suddenly in demand after the civil war. A Nutty Controversy So who invented peanut butter? Its hard to say. In fact, there appears to be some disagreement among food historians over who deserves the honor. One historian, Eleanor Rosakranse, says a woman from New York named Rose Davis started making peanut butter as early as the 1840’s after her son reported seeing women in Cuba grinding peanuts into a pulp and smearing it onto bread.      Ã‚   Then there are some who think the credit should go to Marcellus Gilmore Edson, a Canadian chemist who in 1884 filed and was granted the first patent in the United States for what he called â€Å"peanut-candy.† Conceived as a kind of flavoring paste, the process described running roasted peanuts through a heated mill to produce a fluid or semi-fluid byproduct that cools into a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment. However, there wasn’t any indication that Edson made or sold peanut butter as a commercial product. A case can also be made for a St. Louis businessman named George A. Bayle, who began packaging and selling peanut butter through his food manufacturing company. It’s believed that the idea was born out of a collaboration with a doctor who had been seeking a way for his patients who were unable to chew meat to ingest protein. Bayle also ran advertisements in the early 1920’s proclaiming his company to be the â€Å"Original Manufacturers of Peanut Butter.† Cans of Bayle’s Peanut Butter came with labels touting this claim as well. Dr. John Harvey Kellogg It isn’t difficult to find those who dispute this claim as many have argued that the honor should go to none other than the influential Seventh-day Adventist Dr. John Harvey Kellogg. Indeed, the National Peanut Board states that Kellogg received a patent in 1896 for a technique he developed for making peanut butter. There’s also an 1897 advertisement for Kellogg’s Sanitas company Nut Butters that pre-dates all other competitors. More importantly, though, Kellogg was a tireless promoter of peanut butter. He travelled extensively throughout the country giving lectures on its benefits of to health. Kellogg even served peanut butter to his patients at the Battle Creek Sanitarium, a health resort with treatment programs supported by the Seventh-day Adventist church. The one big knock on Kellogg’s claim as the father of modern day peanut butter is that his disastrous decision to switch from roasted nuts to steamed nuts resulted in a product that barely resembled the ubiquitous jarred goodness found on store shelves today. Kellogg also  in an indirect way played a part in the production of peanut butter reaching a mass scale. John Lambert, an employee of Kellogg’s who was involved in the nut butter business, eventually left in 1896 and founded a company to develop and manufacture industrial strength peanut-grinding machines. He would soon have competition as another machine manufacturer, Ambrose Straub, was granted a patent for one of the earliest peanut butter machines in 1903. The machines made the process easier as making peanut butter had been quite tedious. Peanuts were first grounded using a mortar and pestle before being put through a meat grinder. Even then, it was hard to achieve the desired consistency.    Peanut Butter Goes Global In 1904, peanut butter was introduced to the wider public at the World’s Fair in St. Louis. According to the book â€Å"Creamy and Crunchy: An Informal History of Peanut Butter, the All-American Food,† a concessionaire named C.H. Sumner was the only vendor to sell peanut butter. Using one of Ambrose Straub’s peanut butter machines, Sumner sold $705.11 worth of peanut butter. That same year, the Beech-Nut Packing Company became the first nationwide brand to market peanut butter and continued to distribute the product until 1956. Other notable early brands to follow suit were the Heinz company, which entered the market in 1909 and the Krema Nut Company, an Ohio-based operation that survives to this day as the world’s oldest peanut butter company. Soon more and more companies would start selling peanut butter as a disastrous mass invasion of boll weevils ravaged the south, destroying much of cotton crop yields that had long been a staple of the region’s farmers. Thus the food industry’s growing interest in peanut was fueled in part by many farmers turning to peanuts as a replacement. Even as demand for peanut butter grew, it was primarily being sold as a regional product. In fact, Krema founder Benton Black once proudly boasted â€Å"I refuse to sell outside Ohio.† While it may sound today like a bad way of doing business, it made sense at the time as grounded peanut butter was unstable and best distributed locally. The problem was that, as the oil separated from the peanut butter solids, it would rise to the top and quickly spoil with exposure to light and oxygen.                All that changed in the 1920’s when a businessman named Joseph Rosefield patented a process called â€Å"Peanut butter and process of manufacturing the same,† which describes how hydrogenation of peanut oil can be used to keep the peanut butter from coming apart. Rosefield began licensing the patent to food  companies  before he decided to go off on his own and launch his own brand. Rosefields Skippy peanut butter, along with Peter Pan and Jif, would go on to become the most successful and recognizable names in the business.

Philosophy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Philosophy - Assignment Example Nevertheless, we can assume philosophy to be a consistent and rational effort to acquire knowledge  about topics that do not warrant empirical investigation (Brown Web). This paper discuses some of these philosophical topics and questions. Traditionally, rationalism and empiricism have been the normal ways that philosophy attempts to answer the question, â€Å"what do I know?†, â€Å"how do I know it?†, and "How do I get beyond mere opinion to real knowledge?" However, both rationalism and empiricism theories manifest different strengths and weaknesses in trying to explain human knowledge. The two theories differ on the extent to which we are dependent upon sense experience in our effort to gain knowledge. Indeed, while rationalism proposes that we gain knowledge through reasoning, empiricism on the other hand proposes that we gain knowledge through sensory experience (Markie Web). However, according to me, I find that rationalism best explains human knowledge. This is because the rationalism relevantly puts forward two concrete explanations to their theory. First, the argument that that there are instances where the content of human knowledge supersedes the information that sense experience can provide is very true. Indeed, human knowledge is not all about sense, it is about reasoning, critical thinking, logic, and rational insight. Actually, from the intuition  claim, rationalism equally reckons that we should not just believe what we see but we should also be able to derive conclusions through valid arguments (Markie Web). Indeed, in many cases we use the self-evident truth to derive more truths. This explains that we can have knowledge independent of sense experience. The rationalists’ theory also constructs accounts of how reason in some form or other provides that additional information about the world. More so, the rationalism theory is flexible in that it adjusts its understanding of certain beliefs and adopts the denial of

McDonalds in Cameroon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

McDonalds in Cameroon - Essay Example This essay discusses the issue of possibility to set up McDonalds in Cameroon, that is a country in Central Africa. The researcher describes the topic in five parts of the essay. It begins with an introduction of McDonalds, and then the Cameroon country itself. The researcher also analyzes the size of market of Cameroon that will likely follow or not follow the new product in the Cameroonian market. The third part of the essay will not only research on social and cultural acceptance of McDonald’s products, but also gives the required adaptations that would be necessary to begin with. The fourth part contains details on the legal and bureaucratic factors that include taxation, local manufacture, and imports. The essay ends with some recommendations concerning the project, and cite sweeping conclusions. In conclusion, the researcher analyzes the constant social revolutions in the Cameroonians and cases that include the improved health-awareness of humanity. In the long term, key menu diversification needs to include new and healthy foods could be termed as necessary if McDonalds looks forward to their customers to enjoy their foodstuff with clear principles. The fact that McDonald’s begins to vend fresh fruit with the traditional Happy Meal is a leading step towards a menu more appropriate to the changed surroundings, especially important to Central Africa region. The researcher hopes, that some of his recommendations can certainly help McDonalds to set up in Cameroon without any opposition.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Essay Example 2) Assessing Risk The second step is based on the assessment of the likelihood and outcomes of the risk. This means that the frequency and probability of the risk is measured in conjunction with the severity of its outcomes. 3) Create Controls and Make Right Decisions The third step in the risk management process is the formulation of control measures for minimizing risks. R. S. Khatta (2008) elaborates that controls are most effective when the causes that lead to risk are effectively dealt with. 4) Making Right Decisions The decision committee then reviews the control options and implements those which reduce the possibility of risks to minimum. Such decisions are highly dependent on the cost. 5) Monitoring and Evaluating Controls The controls being implemented need to be evaluated precisely. Constant monitoring of controls aimed at minimizing risks is also essential. Feedbacks are generated so as to analyze the effectiveness of controls (Steven S. Wilder, 1997). Role of the Project Manager in Risk Management Process John Bartlett (2004) writes that without any second thought, a project manager can be called as the champion of risk management process. A project manager is the one who has the responsibility of ensuring that the project is being run as planned and the entire team is enthusiastically engaged. He actively communicates with the suppliers and contractors and has access to the updated financial data. Few of the roles of project manager in the risk management process include ensuring the implementation of risk management process in the project. A project manager assesses the possible occurrence and severity level of the risk. He holds the responsibility of regularly updating the risk status to the seniors. A project manager also conducts meetings to review the risk; this is essential so that he could get update information on how well the entire process of risk management is going. He agrees to possible feedback and risk control response. One of the m ost significant responsibilities of a project manager includes closely monitoring of how effective is the role that is being played by the risk management team in the whole process. From these roles discussed in the previous sentences, we can get a clear idea that a project manager is the backbone for the successful implementation of risk management in any project. Benefits of Risk Management Risk management has obvious benefits in the step of project planning. Risk Management offers a structured framework which is an integral part of the planning process. It presents ways to maximize opportunities and minimize risks. It promotes the optimal utilization of resources in the project. With the help of risk management, there is an increased flow of communication between project members. The senior management gets a precise picture of the identified risks that may affect the project as well as the measures aimed at reducing those risks. The accountability pattern becomes more organized a nd improved. Decision making becomes effective due to the risk management process. The objectives of the project become more clear and achievable due to the involvement of risk managemen

Children Are Not Little Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Children Are Not Little Adults - Essay Example Children have frameworks in which adults must approach issues for their health and well being. Because children are not small adults, they must be approached with recognition of the differences in development on all levels of human experience. Physiology The physiology of a child is very different than that of a full grown adult. These differences can be observed through three distinct areas of concern. The first area is through developmental changes, the second area through dependency, and the third area is through patterns of illness and injury (National Research Council Board on children youth and families & Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 1996). Children and adults are very different in the way in which their bodies interact with the effects of life on their health. Children have a higher rate of susceptibility to toxins and viruses because their bodies are still forming and have not accommodated for environmental exposures (Ginsberg, G., Slikker, W, & Bruckner, J. (Feb. 2004). Chi ldren’s bones are more pliable than adults, thus much more force is required to break them, injuries in a child different than those in an adult as the space in physiology that allows for growth in all systems creates additional problems (Mooney & Ireson, 2009). Cognitive Development Infants and toddlers have limited capacities for realizing that objects and people exist outside of their immediate interaction with them. However, they still form attachments and are better when there is a consistency in the care that they receive. Children in the age range of three to five develop higher levels of attachment and have a cognitive awareness of the existence of people and things beyond their immediate interaction. Between the ages of six and ten, there is an observable expansion of relationships for children, with the beginning of an understanding of the world in relationship to their own place within it (Zemmelman, 2010). Children between the ages of ten and twelve will have a fi rm belief that the world is precisely the way they have envisioned it. However, in the teen years the world changes dramatically as children begin to form concepts of abstraction, seeing that the world may have differences within it that are not in line with their earlier point of view (Oestreicher & Rubin, 2009). Brain-training games can be useful in helping children to learn and gain knowledge so that they can use the level at which they able to learn to its fullest capacity. One example of a brain-training game can be seen in song-experience games. Children learn to â€Å"wait, participate, listen, think, move, time their response, learn to become interested in others, organize, strategize, predict, self-monitor and learn compassion and empathy† through folk songs that are chosen for their capacity to evoke identifiable parts and then relationships between the parts (Harris & MENC, 2009, p. 40). Children are given an opportunity to learn problem solving and to learn comple x information through discovering the associations between visual and auditory experiences. Brain-training games are intended to create methods for children to make increasingly more sophisticated connections through games that indirectly stimulate those connections. The example of the song-experience g

Increase in Diabetic Blood Sugars Research Paper

Increase in Diabetic Blood Sugars - Research Paper Example In the former, insulin dosage has to be carefully titrated in order to keep an optimum level of glucose in blood so that associated complications are not triggered. In the latter, quantity and type of food intake have to be optimized and required medication/s taken in order to keep the blood glucose level at an appropriate level. However, as this monitoring has to be done on an almost daily basis, either by the patient himself/herself, or by the attending healthcare professional, it becomes cumbersome for both as the frequent jabs are irritating and accuracy of the measuring instrument and reagents are critical factors. It therefore becomes essential for a trained nursing professional to be thoroughly competent in the art so that no errors occur while monitoring and taking care of diabetic patients. In the past such tests used to involve detailed and laborious time consuming procedures in the laboratory in which the results took some time to be delivered. However, with the recent adv ent of auto analyzer technologies and portable blood glucose monitoring instruments, it has become a relatively easy task. The operation of such instruments however need to be error free and mastered individually by every nursing practitioner. Problem Statement It has been observed that student nurses’ involved in ADN Programs are susceptible to medication errors due to paucity of training and lack experience in handling instruments during initial years of their practice. It therefore becomes essential to familiarize and train them thoroughly in the art of handling diagnostic and medication equipment which they are going to encounter in their respective areas of practice. A nurse educator should therefore ensure that the students’ under her supervision are exposed to all nuances of the area of practice they are being trained in. This study will endeavor to uncover any lacunae in the student nurses being trained for handling diabetic patients. Purpose of the Study To en sure that the students are well versed with the technical intricacies of handling diabetic patients and confident of handling diagnostic equipment in order to monitor blood glucose levels. Evaluation of their skills after exposure to a simulated scenario for monitoring blood glucose levels. Significance of the Study Well trained nurses are the lifeline of diabetic patients as they are the ones supervising them directly. A hypoglycemic crisis can be life threatening and unbridled hyperglycemia can lead to other medical complications. Apt and accurate handling of monitoring equipment can therefore be a life saving practice. Research Question(s) 1. To find out whether the student nurses’ are capable of handling diagnostic and monitoring equipment and taking informed decisions while handling diabetic patients. 2. To check the awareness of student nurses’ about the importance of risks due to medication error/s and their sequel while monitoring diabetic patients after exposu re to a simulated scenario. Literature Review Diabetes is diagnosed by its typical symptoms and confirmed by measurement of plasma glucose. Measurement after 8-12 hours of fasting (fasting plasma glucose [FPG]), or 2 hours after ingestion of a concentrated glucose solution (oral glucose tolerance testing [GTT]) are the tests employed for diagnosis (Crandall, 2007). Type I diabetes is primarily insulin

Children Are Not Little Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Children Are Not Little Adults - Essay Example Children have frameworks in which adults must approach issues for their health and well being. Because children are not small adults, they must be approached with recognition of the differences in development on all levels of human experience. Physiology The physiology of a child is very different than that of a full grown adult. These differences can be observed through three distinct areas of concern. The first area is through developmental changes, the second area through dependency, and the third area is through patterns of illness and injury (National Research Council Board on children youth and families & Institute of Medicine (U.S.), 1996). Children and adults are very different in the way in which their bodies interact with the effects of life on their health. Children have a higher rate of susceptibility to toxins and viruses because their bodies are still forming and have not accommodated for environmental exposures (Ginsberg, G., Slikker, W, & Bruckner, J. (Feb. 2004). Chi ldren’s bones are more pliable than adults, thus much more force is required to break them, injuries in a child different than those in an adult as the space in physiology that allows for growth in all systems creates additional problems (Mooney & Ireson, 2009). Cognitive Development Infants and toddlers have limited capacities for realizing that objects and people exist outside of their immediate interaction with them. However, they still form attachments and are better when there is a consistency in the care that they receive. Children in the age range of three to five develop higher levels of attachment and have a cognitive awareness of the existence of people and things beyond their immediate interaction. Between the ages of six and ten, there is an observable expansion of relationships for children, with the beginning of an understanding of the world in relationship to their own place within it (Zemmelman, 2010). Children between the ages of ten and twelve will have a fi rm belief that the world is precisely the way they have envisioned it. However, in the teen years the world changes dramatically as children begin to form concepts of abstraction, seeing that the world may have differences within it that are not in line with their earlier point of view (Oestreicher & Rubin, 2009). Brain-training games can be useful in helping children to learn and gain knowledge so that they can use the level at which they able to learn to its fullest capacity. One example of a brain-training game can be seen in song-experience games. Children learn to â€Å"wait, participate, listen, think, move, time their response, learn to become interested in others, organize, strategize, predict, self-monitor and learn compassion and empathy† through folk songs that are chosen for their capacity to evoke identifiable parts and then relationships between the parts (Harris & MENC, 2009, p. 40). Children are given an opportunity to learn problem solving and to learn comple x information through discovering the associations between visual and auditory experiences. Brain-training games are intended to create methods for children to make increasingly more sophisticated connections through games that indirectly stimulate those connections. The example of the song-experience g

The Importance of Entrepreneurship and Enterprise in the UK Essay - 1

The Importance of Entrepreneurship and Enterprise in the UK - Essay Example ameters which tend to change continuously, however when all appropriate preparation has been made, entrepreneurship can lead to a significant development of the commercial market involved. However, in order to ensure the success of their efforts, entrepreneurs should try to follow strictly the principles of the commercial market avoiding risk in cases that there are no limits for the achievement of a particular plan. The existence of alternative plan of action has to be considered as necessary in order for the entrepreneurship to survive on a long term basis. Entrepreneurship should be considered as a fundamental activity that helps the market to be developed. However, in order for this activity to lead to positive outcomes it is necessary that the participants (entrepreneurs) follow a specific plan of action which has to be characterized by the thorough analysis of the market, the appropriate design of strategic plan and the rapid reaction to the opportunities appeared. Of course in any case the existence of risk creates a series of uncertainties for any potential entrepreneurship. But if all appropriate steps of action are followed they are little chances for the entrepreneurship to end up to a failure. This paper examines the characteristics of entrepreneurship as a unique commercial activity and tries to identify all the appropriate ‘qualities’ of a good entrepreneur as they can be observed both in the field of theory but also in practice. For this reason, the relevant literature review has been followed with a few examp les of successful entrepreneurs in UK as they have been evaluated and awarded in a relevant awarding scheme involving entrepreneurial activities in UK. Entrepreneurship has been defined through a variety of terms in order to respond to the needs of the market as they have been observed by theorists throughout years. At a first level, Thornton (1999, 19) refers to entrepreneurship as ‘the creation of new organizations which occurs as a

Pollution and How It Affects Elements within an Environment Essay Example for Free

Pollution and How It Affects Elements within an Environment Essay The Earth is entirely surrounded by a blanket of air which is called the earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere allows human, plants, and all the earth’s creatures big and small to exist. The atmosphere protects the earth and without it the heat from the sun would burn all that is exposed to its rays, and we could be frozen by the low temps at night. Gas, particulate matter, odors that have been introduced into the air by mankind or nature can destroy the natural balance, this is pollution. There are Primary pollutants and Secondary pollutants, which we will be covering in this presentation, when pollutants are introduced to/in the air, it travels very easily and spread as well, since we breathe in air, we cannot avoid these toxins or pollutants. The efforts on solutions to the problems regarding pollution has, and will continue to be an issue due to mankind disrespect towards mother-nature. We as human beings breathe in an estimated 20,000 liters of air each day meaning that the more polluted the air is, the more we in hale into our lungs the hazardous chemicals, in London of 1952, â€Å"The Smog Disaster†, claimed the lives of four- thousand people within a few days mainly due to the high levels of concentrations of pollution. In March of 2011, an earthquake in the sea of the coast of Japan also known as a â€Å"Tsunami†, the sea level rose and waters flooded the land damaging four of the six reactors in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, which can be located on the BBC website. The biggest lifetime risks were seen in humans exposed were in the infants, compared to children and the adults. Females who exposed to radiation from this incident which was found in a report that a four percent increase above the lifetime expectancy, were at risk of solid tumors and a six percent increase above that said to be expected of breast cancer. Men/male exposed to the radiation as infants were expected to have seven percent increased risk of leukemia above that expected on the normal population. The highest risk was noted in thyroid cancer, as for the infant girls, they were estimated to be up to seventy- percent than expected over a lifetime. † (BBC website: /news/health- 21614722). The World Health Organization (WHO) experts confirmed that there is a slight increased risk of different cancer types for those people who were exposed to the radiation, including people residing in this area and employees of the plant. Air pollutants come in the form of gases, particles, and chemicals released into the air, motor vehicles are a major air pollutant, the use of one full commuter bus is equivalent to forty cars driving through your neighborhood. Vehicle exhaust contributes to roughly sixty-percent of all carbon monoxide emissions (discharge) nationwide, and up to ninety-five percent in the cities. Air pollution may contribute to asthma and allergy by corrupting protective cells in the human body that tones down immune system reactions, the pollution components seem to also increase overactive immune warriors already linked to allergies that actually require no prompting. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the product of burning of fuel in diesel engines, furnaces, wood fires, wildfires, and barbeque grills. A new study done by researchers found that children exposed to these high levels of PAHs had poor functioning T-regulatory cells (peacekeeper cells), which normally keeps immune –caused inflammation down. Kari Nadeau, a biochemist and physician at Stanford University, held a study on the effect of air pollution and these PAHs, she and some colleagues obtained blood samples, took in lung function readings, and recorded health information from 153 children at the age of four-teen in Fresno, CA. She sampled airborne PAHs to estimate rates of exposure due to Fresno’s high rate of air pollution levels. Kids with a high exposure made higher amounts of Immunoglobulin E and showed low rates of T regulatory cell function than those exposed to lower levels. It is said that air pollution may harm populations in ways so subtle and slow that it may have gone undetected, these reasons research is being done to determine the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low levels of pollution-what some may experience –as well as to determine the interaction between air pollutants in the body, nutrition (physical factor), stress, alcohol, smoking (tobacco), and medicines. It also has been linked to defects in birth, cancer, and genetic mutations. The Montreal Protocol of 1987required that developed nations signing the accord not to exceed 1986 CFC levels. Several more meetings were held from 1990 to 1997 to adopt agreements to hurry the phasing out of ozone-depleting substances. † Pollution is known to cause holes in the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica and the Artic. Depletion of the ozone layer can increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, causing damage to crops and plants as well as causing sk in cancer and cataracts.

Marked women by appearance article

Marked women by appearance article MARKED WOMEN In the Article â€Å"marked women†, Deborah Tannen explains the social way of judging women by their appearance or other factors, but not judging men for the same reasons. Tannen uses her observation during a conference meeting of four women and eight men to analyze how each woman in the meeting was marked while men were not. Again Deborah points out the issue of how one gender writing about the other is either portrayed as prejudiced or sexist. ADD MORE POINTS The author explains that men have the freedom to wear what they want without much meaning being read from their clothes, but for a woman every style has a meaning. In the article Deborah Tannen says â€Å"There is no womans hair style that can be called standard, that says nothing about her† further supporting her point. The author uses the different clothing styles of three ladies in her conference meeting as examples when she tries to attribute them? to their respective personalities. However, she noticed that the men were all dressed alike because they had the freedom to. In my opinion, the authors evaluation is restricted. Tannen did not consider the formal setting of her case study so to say.In such settings, men are often restricted to corporate outfits and a plain haircut just like the ones she observed in her male colleagues in the article (page #) . For instance, it is inappropriate for a man to go job hunting or for an interview in a pair of shorts and plain T shirt , but in a casual place like a bar he has more freedom in his choice of outfits. This example shows that men are only unmarked in certain situations and settings. Further on, Deborah also claims that every womans style has an implied meaning. In paragraph 12 she says â€Å"Each of the women at the conference had to make decisions about hair, clothing, makeup and accessories, and each decision had a carried meaning†. She insinuates that a woman can hardly dress without judgment being passed on her dress. For example, if a woman wears a revealing or tight dress then she is viewed as attention seeking or available. I believe that the Deborah Tannens point here is true because from my experience, a persons appearance is the first criteria for judgment it makes your first impression of the person. I dont completely agree with Deborah attributing this social evaluation to just women since a man can also be judged by how he dresses. His dressing says a lot about his personality, fashion choices, occupation, wealth and even his sexual orientation. You dont need anyone to tell you that a man who dresses in suits everyday works in a firm or some business outfit while the man in overalls and hard hat is a construction worker. Next, the article makes a case about some words in the English language that are marked. Deborah Tannen describes that adding suffixes to some nouns to make them feminine (or about the female gender) seems to infer a sense of a sense of un-seriousness. In Deborahs example adding -ette to the Doctor to form â€Å"Doctorette† shows inferiority to a certain degree . In my opinion the author was myopic in her evaluation. She bases her case on the English language only, in making a general argument about women. Some languages use the same words or completely different words for both genders. in French language â€Å"ilâ€Å" is used for the masculine gender and â€Å"elle† for the feminine gender and â€Å"ils† for plural â€Å"they†. It should be noted that these suffixes are just added to show grammatical differentiation in gender and not for social gender classification. The author cited an expert source Dr. Ralph Fasold in his book, ().†. According to her citation, Dr. Fasold stressed that â€Å"language and culture are particularly unfair in treating women as the marked case because biologically it is the male that is marked† (paragraph 24, line 2). So with respect to this citation, in her opinion men should be the marked ones. This logic seems to be biased and irrelevant to the argument about the women being marked and men unmarked, not which gender should. I believe it was a good citation but for the wrong argument. The article introduces a secondary argument about the societys view of one gender writing about the other. A woman writing about the man is viewed by the society as a prejudiced person. This is true; in my opinion a female writing about a male is sexist. I feel a woman writing about for instance the flaws of the male character is sexist because both genders have flaws and why should only one gender be put to question. In conclusion, I think the author Deborah Tannen had a reasonable argument but her supporting evidence were somewhat biased and they were not strong enough to fully support the arguments. Moreover, she did introduce opposing opinions; she just looked at the argument from a womans point of view. As far as my opinion goes women are judged a little more than men, but that does not mean men are free this societal evaluation.

Maturation Of Scout Essay -- essays research papers

In Harper Lee’s novel, â€Å"To Kill A Mocking Bird† we see that maturation of some of the characters is clearly evident, particularly Scouts. We see this by the way she acts in front of Miss Maudie, Calpurnia and Mrs. Alexandra Finch. Beside her father, Scout probably respects and likes the most is Miss Maudie. The two of them have a great relationship and they both love each other very deeply. When Scout first introduces us to Miss Maudie (in chapter 5), she tells us all the nicest things about her. She talks about how much she and Jem trusted Miss Maudie and what a good friend she was. They trusted her because "she never told on them, never played cat-and-mouse with them, and because she was not at all interested in their private lives", (chp. 5, pg. 44-45) unlike most Maycomb people. This is also why Scout respected Miss Maudie so much and why she told her, "Miss Maudie, you are the best lady I know" (pg.45). Miss Maudie always made cakes for Scout, Jem and Dill, and she invited them over to eat them and also to play in her backyard. One summer, Scout spent the whole second half of the summer with Miss Maudie. They sat in the front porch, watched the sunset, talked, took care of Miss Maudie' s garden. That's when Scout became very close to Miss Maudie. Basically, Scout admired Miss Maudie. She was her hero. Calpurnia is a very important character in the novel. Scout has known her her whole life and has basically lived with her, but they weren't that close. Scout never liked Calpurnia very much, mostly because she always complained about her behavior. "She was always ordering her out of the kitchen, asking her why she couldn't behave as well as Jem when she knew he was older, and calling her home when she wasn't ready to come. There talking was like battling and one-sided. Calpurina always won, mainly because Atticus always took her side." (pg. 6). Another reason why Scout didn't like Calpurnia is because she made her practice writing. Then, when Scout's teacher in grade one found out that Scout can read and when Scout got in trouble for that, she blamed Calpurnia. At that time, she was too young to understand that Calpurnia only tried to help her and teach her so she would be literate and know more useful things. Even though this seems like a negative relationship and seems as if though it can never get better, the relationsh... ...and teaching her how to be a girl. Scout knows that she won't be able to have all the freedom and fun that she's had up until now and this is why she feels so depressed when she sees her aunt sitting in the front porch. She also knows that Aunt Alexandra may have some bad influence on Scout's and Atticus's relationship because Atticus has a lot of respect for his sister and he never confronted her about anything. Scout is afraid because Atticus always takes his sister's side, it could effect the relationship Scout has with her father and that and this could bring them apart. Throughout the novel, Atticus repeats to Scout an Jem the importance of seeing things from another point of view in order to understand what the other person is feeling. The theme of childhood is also another important one. The story takes place over a period of years, and the reader takes part in the adventure of the child growing up in a small Southern town. To Kill A Mocking Bird is a fascinating story about a young girl who sees the town through her little innocent eyes, this novel is a must for everyone to read because it displays racial tensions that are throughout out the town especially the citizens.

Existentialism and Human Emotions Essay

I SHOULD LIKE on this occasion to defend existentialism against some charges which have been brought against it. First, it has been charged with inviting people to remain in a kind of desperate quietism because, since no solutions are possible, we should have to consider action in this world as quite impossible. We should then end up in a philosophy of contemplation; and since contemplation is a luxury, we come in the end to a bourgeois philosophy. The communists in particular have made these charges. On the other hand, we have been charged with dwelling on human degradation, with pointing up everywhere the sordid, shady, and slimy, and neglecting the gracious and beautiful, the bright side of human nature; for example, according to Mlle. Mercier, a Catholic critic, with forgetting the smile of the child. Both sides charge us with having ignored human solidarity, with considering man as an isolated being. The communists say that the main reason for this is that we take pure subjectivity, the Cartesian I think, as our starting point; in other words, the moment in which man becomes fully aware of what it means to him to be an isolated being; as a result, we are unable to return to a state of solidarity with the men who are not ourselves, a state which we can never reach in the cogito. From the Christian standpoint, we are charged with denying the reality and seriousness of human undertakings, since, if we reject God’s commandments and the eternal verities, there no longer remains anything but pure caprice, with everyone permitted to do as he pleases and incapable, from his own point of view, of condemning the points of view and acts of others. I shall today try to answer these different charges. Many people are going to be surprised at what is said here about humanism. We shall try to see in what sense it is to be understood. In any case, what can be said from the very beginning is that by existentialism we mean a doctrine which makes human life possible and, in addition, declares that every truth and every action implies a human setting and a human subjectivity. As is generally known, the basic charge against us is that we put the emphasis on the dark side of human life. Someone recently told me of a lady who, when she let slip a vulgar word in a moment of irritation, excused herself by saying, â€Å"I guess I’m becoming an existentialist.† Consequently, existentialism is regarded as something ugly; that is why we are said to be naturalists; and if we are, it is rather surprising that in this day and age we cause so much more alarm and scandal than does naturalism, properly so called. The kind of person who can take in his stride such a novel as Zola’s The Earth is disgusted as soon as he starts reading an existentialist novel; the kind of person who is resigned to the wisdom of the ages-which is pretty sad-finds us even sadder. Yet, what can be more disillusioning than saying â€Å"true charity begins at home† or â€Å"a scoundrel will always return evil for good†? We know the commonplace remarks made when this subject comes up, remarks which always add up to the same thing: we shouldn’t struggle against the powers that-be; we shouldn’t resist authority; we shouldn’t try to rise above our station; any action which doesn’t conform to authority is romantic; any effort not based on past experience is doomed to failure; experience shows that man’s bent is always toward trouble, that there must be a strong hand to hold him in check, if not, there will be anarchy. There are still people who go on mumbling these melancholy old saws, the people who say, â€Å"It’s only human!† whenever a more or less repugnant act is pointed out to them, the people who glut themselves on chansons realistes; these are the people who accuse existentialism of being too gloomy, and to such an extent that I wonder whether they are complaining about it, not for its pessimism, but much rather its optimism. Can it be that what really scares them in the doctrine I shall try to present here is that it leaves to man a possibility of choice? To answer this question, we must re-examine it on a strictly philosophical plane. What is meant by the term existentialism? Most people who use the word would be rather embarrassed if they had to explain it, since, now that the word is all the rage, even the work of a musician or painter is being called existentialist. A gossip columnist in Clartes signs himself The Existentialist, so that by this time the word has been so stretched and has taken on so broad a meaning, that it no longer means anything at all. It seems that for want of an advanced-guard doctrine ,analogous to surrealism, the kind of people who are eager for scandal and flurry turn to this philosophy which in other respects does not at all serve their purposes in this sphere. Actually, it is the least scandalous, the most austere of doctrines. It is intended strictly for specialists and philosophers. Yet it can be defined easily. What complicates matters is that there are two kinds of existentialists; first, those who are Christian. among whom I would include Jaspers and Gabriel Marcel, both Catholic; and on the other hand the atheistic exi stentialists among whom I class Heidegger, and then the French existentialists and myself. What they have in common is that they think that existence precedes essence, or, if you prefer, that subjectivity must be the starting point. Just what does that mean? Let us consider some object that is manufactured, for example, a book or a papercutter: here is an object which has been made by an artisan whose inspiration came from a concept. He referred to the concept of what a paper-cutter is and likewise to a known method of production, which is part of the concept, something which is, by and large, a routine. Thus, the paper-cutter is at once an object produced in a certain way and, on the other hand, one leaving a specific use; and one can not postulate a man who produces a paper-cutter but does not know what it is used for. Therefore, let us say that, for the paper-cutter, essence-that is, the ensemble of both the production routines and the properties which enable it to be both produced and defined-precedes existence. Thus, the presence of the paper-cutter or book in front of me is determined. Therefore, we have here a technical view of the world whereby it can be said that production precedes existence. When we conceive God as the Creator, He is generally thought of as a superior sort of artisan. Whatever doctrine we may be considering, whether one like that of Descartes or that of Leibniz, we always grant that will more or less follows understanding or, at the very least, accompanies it, and that when God creates He knows exactly what he is creating. Thus, the concept of man in the mind of God is comparable to the concept of a paper-cutter in the mind of the manufacturer, and, following certain techniques and a conception, God produces man, just as the artisan, following a definition and a technique, makes a paper-cutter. Thus, the individual man is the realization of a certain concept in the divine intelligence. In the eighteenth century, the atheism of the philosophers discarded the idea of God, but not so much for the notion that essence precedes existence. To a certain extent, this idea is found everywhere; we find it in Diderot, in Voltaire, and even in Kant. Man has a human nature; this human nature, which is the concept of the human, is found in all men, which means that each man is a particular example of a universal concept, man. In Kant, the result of this universality is that the wild-man, the natural man, as well as the bourgeois, are circumscribed by the same definition and have the same basic qualities. Thus, here too the essence of man precedes the historical existence that we find in nature. Atheistic existentialism, which I represent, is more coherent. It states that if God does not exist, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, a being who exists before he can be defined by any concept, and that this being is man, or, as Heidegger says, human reality. What is meant here by saying that existence precedes essence? It means that, first of all, man exists, turns up, appears on the scene, and, only afterwards, defines himself. If man, as the existentialist conceives him, is indefinable, it is because at first he is nothing. Only afterward will he be something, and he himself will have made what he will be. Thus, there is no human nature, since there is no God to conceive it. Not only is man what he conceives himself to be, but he is also only what he wills himself to be after this thrust toward existence. Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Such is the first principle of existentialism. It is also what is called subjectivity, the name we are labeled with when charges are brought against us. But what do we mean by this, if not that man has a greater dignity than a stone or table? For we mean that man first exists, that is, that man first of all is the being who hurls himself toward a future and who is conscious of imagining himself as being in the future. Man is at the start a plan which is aware of itself, rather than a patch of moss, a piece of garbage, or a cauliflower nothing exists prior to this plan; there is nothing in heaven; man will be what he will have planned to be. Not what he will want to be. Because by the word â€Å"will† we generally mean a conscious decision, which is subsequent to what we have already made of ourselves. I may want to belong to a political party, write a book, get married; but all that is only a manifestation of an earlier, more spontaneous choice that is called â€Å"will.† But if existence really does precede essence, man is responsible for what he is. Thus, existentialism’s first move is to make every man aware of what he is and to make the full responsibility of his existence rest on him. And when we say that a man is responsible for himself, we do not only mean that he is responsible for his own individuality, but that he is responsible for all men. The word subjectivism has two meanings, and our opponents play on the two. Subjectivism means, on the one hand, that an individual chooses and makes himself; and, on the other, that it is impossible for man to transcend human subjectivity. The second of these is the essential meaning of existentialism. When we say that man chooses his own self, we mean that every one of us does likewise; but we also mean by that that in making this choice he also chooses all men. In fact, in creating the man that we want to be, there is not a single one of our acts which does not at the same time create an image of man as we think he ought to be. To choose to be this or that is to affirm at the same time the value of what we choose, because we can never choose evil. We always choose the good, and nothing can be good for us without b eing good for all. If, on the other hand, existence precedes essence, and if we grant that we exist and fashion our image at one and the same time, the image is valid for everybody and for our whole age. Thus, our responsibility is much greater than we might have supposed, because it involves all mankind. If I am a workingman and choose to join a Christian trade-union rather than be a communist, and if by being a member I want to show that the best thing for man is resignation, that the kingdom of man is not of this world, I am not only involving my own case-I want to be resigned for everyone. As a result, my action has involved all humanity. To take a more individual matter, if I want to marry, to have children; even if this marriage depends solely on my own circumstances or passion or wish, I am involving all humanity in monogamy and not merely myself. Therefore, I am responsible for myself and for everyone else. I am creating a certain image of man of my own choosing. In choosing myself, I choose ma n.

Word Activity

This Method may be considered as the predecessor of the conventional multiplication procedures. The method involves the use of arrays or tables, the sizes of which depend on the number of digits in the multiplier and the multiplicand, respectively. Unlike the conventional method, however, which altitudes numbers from right to left and from bottom to top, the grating method multiplies numbers from left to right and from top to bottom. This method also includes diagonals to be drawn along the corners of the array. One advantage of this method is that it performs multiplication operations before addition operations Bones Method.This method was introduced in 1617 by John Napier of Scotland in his attempt to reduce tedious calculations involving large numbers. His â€Å"bones or rod†, made a great impression on the Europeans and the Chinese. The principle behind he bones method may be considered as a mixture of the principles of the abacus and of the grating method. Each rod is div ided into nine squares, each of which is divided into nine squares, each of which is divided diagonally. The top square holds a number (1-9). The remaining eight squares in the rod hold the product of multiplying that number by 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.Once it is set up, it is easy to get the product of a single-digit number and any other value from the top squares and the left rod, because the numbers in the middle are used to obtain the product. Sluggard Method. With the introduction of paper, the Arabs and the Hindus were able to develop a method which may give the product of numbers up to 10 x 10. This method, which was then called the sluggard method, is similar to the finger-counting method in principle. In fact, it can be said to be the finger-counting method on paper. Because, likewise, one has to memorize the multiplication table from 1 – 5 before this could be applied.The â€Å"Arabic Numerals† System. The present number system is of Hindu origin, based on the use often fingers. This system was introduced in Europe by the Moors in the the century as a result of the expansion of the Moslem empire. It was modified in India in what is now called the â€Å"Arabic Numerals†. True numerals are still used in some parts of the Middle and the Near East. Directions 1 . Type the document below. Save using filename â€Å"lifter† 2. Follow the procedure to center a text. Save file â€Å"centered† 3. Change the font color of each of the line in the poem 4.Follow the procedure to right align the text. Save using filename â€Å"Activity† think that I shall never see a poem as lovely as a tree. A tree whose hungry mouth s pressed against the earth's sweet flowing breast, and lifts her leafy arms to pray. A tree that may in summer, wear a nest of robins in her hair; upon whose snow has lain; who intimately lives with rain; poems are made by fools like but only can make tree. 2. Follow procedures in paragraph indent 3. Use the font  "Arial†, â€Å"Bold Italic†, font size = 20 for the title. 4. Change the font style and font size of every paragraph. . Save files as â€Å"Activity† Dalai Lama Test This little exercise is fun. Take a few minutes out of your frantic day to enjoy a bit of enlightenment. Dalai lama personality test The dalai lama said read it to see if it works for you. Personality test. Very interesting. Just 4 questions and the answers will surprise you. Do not cheat by looking up the answers. The mind is like a parachute, it works best when it is opened. This is fun to do, but you have to follow the instructions very closely. Do not cheat. Make a wish before beginning the test!!! A warning! Answer the questions as you go along.There are only four questions and if you see them all before finishing, you will not have honest results. Don't look ahead, get a pencil and paper to write your answers as you go along. You will need it at the end. This is an honest questionnaire which wi ll tell you a lot about your true self. 1. Put the following 5 animals in the order of your preference. A. Cow b. Tiger c. Sheep d. Horse e. Pig 2. Write one word that describes each one of the following: Dog cat Rat Coffee them to the following colors (do not repeat your answer twice. Name Just one person for each color. ) Yellow Orange Red White Green 4.Finally, write down your favorite number and your favorite day of the week. Finished? Please be sure that your answers are what you really want. Look at the interpretations below: But first before continuing, repeat your wish. This will define your priorities in your life. Activity No. 7 2. Save your file using â€Å"Activity† 3. Follow the font format and its line spacing. Wish â€Å"Close your eyes and make a wish Angels will be there to blow you a kiss They will guide your way and Make your dreams come true Like what they did to me when I Ask for a friend like you† â€Å"It's harder to find a true friend than it I s to find a lover.In one's lifetime I can have many lovers; but to have Just One true friend like you is a blessing† â€Å"If one day you find yourself trapped in The dark, Just look up in the Sky and if you see one little tiny Light up there†¦ That's me Reminding you that I'm still there even Activity No. 4 1 . Type the document below using bullet style 2. Save your file using â€Å"Activity† International School of Asia and the Pacific Penance, Canaan International School of Asia and the Pacific has to offer you: The best of the Archdiocese of Autograph in Catholic Education; Priest educators committed to service of God's people.

Chapter filipino

This chapter presents the research design, the respondents of the study, the research instruments and the statistical treatment to be used in the presentation and analysis of the data. Methods of Research used The descriptive method of research was used in this study. Descriptive method of research Is a fact finding study with adequate interpretation of the findings. It describes what Is. It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current conditions, practices, situations, or any phenomena. Since the present study orInvestigation was concerned with the level of difficulty between algebra and geometry to sophomore of Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School during school year 2012-2013, the descriptive method of research was the most appropriate method to use. Sampling Technique This research uses the random sampling in determining the number of respondents. The researchers will assess the difficulty level of algebra and geometry of 56 sophomore students In Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School during school year 2012-2013. Description of Respondents The respondent were the sophomores students in Santa Rosa Science andTechnology High School in school year 2012-2013 that includes six sections namely: Pasteur, Linnaeus, Mendel, Darwin, Watson and Hook. Distribution of Respondents Section Number of Students Pasteur 41 10 Linnaeus Mendel 37 9 Darwin Watson Hook Table 1: This table shows that two of the six sections contain 10 respondents while the remaining four had only 9 respondents. All of the six sections have near range of Research Instrument 1 . Questionnaire. This is a researcher-made questionnaire which is composed of 2 parts. Part I is the general information of the respondents that include the age and sex of the respondents.Part II is the questionnaire for the assessment of the level of difficulty between Algebra and Geometry to sophomore students of Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School during school year 2012-2013. Data G athering Procedure Development of the instrument, after reading and studying samples of questionnaire from related studies, the researchers prepared their own questionnaire. The researchers also consulted some knowledgeable people about how to prepare one. The researchers saw to it that there were enough items to collect data to cover all aspects of the problem and to answer all the specific questions under the statement of the problem.Then the researchers submitted the questionnaire to their adviser, Dry. Scorer B. Escape for correction after which it was finalized. The copies of the questionnaire were then distributed personally by the researcher by the researcher to the respondents. After few days, all the copies Statistical Treatment of the Data The researcher will use the Weighted Mean, and the Relative Frequency. 1. Mean (x). This is to determine the average scores of some variables subject for study. X Where: x – the median n – the number of respondents 2. Relat ive Frequency.This will be used in the presentation and analysis of data gathered for problems using the formula: % = fin x 100 Where: f – frequency n – total number of respondents % – relative frequency Cover Letter Dear Respondents, Please be informed that we are conducting a study on the level of difficulty between Algebra and Geometry to sophomores of Santa Rosa Science and Technology High School in school year 2012-2013. In this connection, we have constructed a questionnaire to gather adequate information to know the level of difficulty between Algebra and Geometry. In fact, our research teacher, Dry.Scorer B. Escape has encouraged us to conduct the survey and promised to help us get your cooperation. Your participation in the study by way of answering the questionnaire is very important. Without it, our study wouldn't be successful as it should be. Kindly fill up the questionnaire and return it to us. Please feel assured that your anonymity and the inform ation you will give will be treated with the strictest confidentiality. Thank you very much for your very kind response to our request and if you are interested, we will supply you with the results of the study. Very sincerely yours,

Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Apple Inc - Essay Example The company is located in the Silicon Valley in the United States that is currently experiencing economic turmoil. The recession has caused some technology companies to close shop and file for bankruptcy. Unemployment in the region has increased due to the economic downturn. On the other hand, the high standards of living among Americans have prompted for an increase in labour wages. The problems of the American economy created threats to the sustainability of some companies. However, Apple saw the recession as an opportunity to pool potential talents for their new business ventures. Laws and regulations related to mobile communications devices in the many jurisdictions in which the Company operates are extensive and subject to change. Such changes, which could include restrictions on production, manufacture, distribution, and use of the device, locking the device to a carrier's network, or mandating the use of the device on more than one carrier's network, could have a material adverseeffect on the Company's financial condition and operating results. Mobile communication devices, such as iPhone, are subject to certification and regulation by governmental and standardization bodies, as well as by cellular network carriers for use on their networks. These certification processes are extensive and time consuming, and could result in additional testing requirements, product modifications or delays in product shipment. (Apple, Inc, 2008) Information technology system failures, network disruptions and breaches of data security could disrupt the company's operations by causing delays or cancellation of customer, including channel partner. This situation can negatively affect the company's online offerings and services, impeding the manufacture or shipment of products, processing transactions and reporting financial results, resulting in the unintentional disclosure of customer or company information, or damage to the Company's reputation. (Apple, Inc, 2008) War, terrorism, geopolitical uncertainties, public health issues, and other business interruptions have caused and could cause damage or disruption to international commerce and the global economy, and thus could have a strong negative effect on the Company, its suppliers, logistics providers, manufacturing vendors and customers, including channel partners. The Company's business operations are subject to interruption by natural disasters, fire, power shortages, terrorist attacks, and other hostile acts, labor disputes, public health issues, and other events beyond its control. Such events could decrease demand for the Company's products, make it difficult or impossible for the Company to make and deliver products to its customers, including channel partners, or to receive components from its suppliers, and create delays and inefficiencies in the Company's supply chain. Should major public health issues, including pandemics, arise, the Company could be negatively affected by more stringent employee travel restrictions, additional limitations in freight services, governmental actions limiting the movement of products between regions, delays in production ramps of new products, and disruptions in the operations of the Company's manufacturing vendors and component suppliers. (Apple, Inc, 2008) The technology industry is a very attractive industry with a growing market demand internationally.

True Grit Themes and Film Elements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

True Grit Themes and Film Elements - Essay Example She asks the Sheriff if she can hire a Deputy U.S. Marshal to track down Chaney and bring him to justice. The Sheriff recommends three of them and Mattie chooses to hire Rooster Cogburn. Mattie’s first conversation with Cogburn occurs when he is in a toilet out of a saloon. Mattie waits for him to come out but he takes too long. This is to show that Cogburn drinks a lot and is sort of nonchalant of what goes on in the world. Until the first appearance of Cogburn, the camera focuses a lot on Mattie. She has been shot from low angles and when three criminals are hanged in the beginning, the camera follows Mattie in a way that makes her presence prominent. This shows that Mattie is a very important character in the movie. Cogburn’s first appearance in the movie is like that of a title or a very important character. He is called as a witness in a courtroom and everybody is listening to his testimony very carefully. He explains to the court that his fellows and he had tried to talk about the situation with the Wharton boys who had allegedly murdered an old man and a woman for some money. He explains that they tried â€Å"to talk some sense into him† but they chose to attack his group and Cogburn had to shot them and their father to save his life. Also, when asked about how many men he has shot in his 4 year career as a Deputy U.S. Marshal, he says that he has â€Å"never shot anybody he didn’t have to.† In this scene, a whole new opinion can be formed about Cogburn which is quite different from him being a drunkard. It can be easily construed that Cogburn is man of good judgment and reason who is not afraid to use violence when it is necessary. When Mattie has first real and face to face meeting with Cogburn, she says to him she has heard that he is â€Å"a man with true grit.† From this statement, it seems that Cogburn is the central character but he shares it with Mattie. He refuses to believe that Mattie would be able to pay the reward of $50 that she offers to him for the capture of Tom Chaney. However, when Mattie raises the money by horse-trading with Colonel Stonehill, she is able to convince Cogburn to pursue Tom Chaney. He agrees but has some qualms about Mattie accompanying him. Another very important development before Mattie successfully secures Cogburn’s services is the introduction of Texas Ranger LaBoeuf who is also after Chaney who has murdered a state senator in Texas. LaBeouf is a strong character in the movie and is noticeable how the camera follows him when he is talking to Mattie as she wakes up. When he stands up from his chair, the camera shows his boots and the spurs on his boots are prominent. Although he tells himself after a little while that he is a Texas Ranger, the focus on his shoes and the guessing eyes of Mattie at the same time show that he is an accomplished individual. He is beyond his jurisdiction but he is pursuing Chaney for a big reward that is offered for Chaney in Texas. His entrance into the movie is also like that of a very important character. He is shot from a low angle when he looks at Mattie when she is going inside to spend the night. He tells Mattie of her business and offers to join forces with Cogburn in pursuit of Chaney as Cogburn knows the area very well and LaBoeuf knows hoe habits and reactions of Chaney. Mattie proves to be very firm in her resolve and insists that she wants to see Chaney hang in Fort